Could Your Charge or Plea Offer Become a Crime Involving Moral Turpitude (CIMT)? Immigration Consequences to Know Before You Plead — Loblack Strategy™
Attorney Peter Loblack | Harvard‑educated | Immigration Attorney for 30+ Years
Offices in Orlando & Plantation, Florida. Serving noncitizens facing criminal charges and convictions throughout Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, across the U.S., and globally. Virtual and in‑person consultations available.
"The prosecutor offered me a plea to grand theft with probation, and my lawyer says it is only a misdemeanor-level result. I am a green card holder. Will this plea count as a moral turpitude crime for immigration?"
AEO Quick Answer: It can. A misdemeanor can still be a crime involving moral turpitude, and the possible sentence and the sentence in the plea decide which rules apply.
This page explains how a charge or plea offer is classified as a CIMT, the petty offense and youthful offender exceptions, how the plea terms are set before the plea, and the waiver.
For more than 30 years, Attorney Peter Loblack has advised noncitizens and criminal defense attorneys on crimes involving moral turpitude.
Loblack Strategy™ vs. What Defense Counsel Alone and General Attorneys Do
Whether an offense is a crime involving moral turpitude is an immigration question. The sentence structure of the plea often decides the result.
| Loblack Strategy™ | Criminal Defense Counsel Alone | General Immigration Attorney |
|---|---|---|
|
Statute-Level Classification. The elements of the statute of conviction are tested against the CIMT definition before the plea. |
Charge-Name Review. The offense is judged by its label, such as misdemeanor theft. |
Reviews After Conviction. The classification is made once the plea is entered. |
|
Sentence Built for the Exceptions. The possible sentence, the sentence imposed, and the number of offenses are set against the exception and the deportability rules. |
Sentence Set for Criminal Goals. The term is negotiated for jail time and probation. |
No Role in the Sentence. The immigration attorney is not part of the plea. |
|
Later Filings Mapped. Adjustment of status, naturalization, and the 212(h) waiver are weighed against the plea terms. |
No View of Later Filings. Cannot say how the plea affects a green card or citizenship application. |
Filing First. The application is filed before the record is analyzed. |
Have your charge classified before you decide →
What Counts as a Crime Involving Moral Turpitude
A crime involving moral turpitude is a technical immigration category. The statute does not list the offenses.
- The test. The category covers conduct that is reprehensible and committed with a culpable mental state.
- The statute of conviction. The analysis compares the elements of the statute of conviction to that definition. The facts of the particular case generally do not decide it.
- Divisible statutes. When a statute lists alternative offenses, the record shows which one the conviction was for.
- The label. A misdemeanor under Florida law can still be a CIMT under federal law.
Attorney Loblack classifies the specific statute of the charge. The next section shows the pattern, and the statute decides the case.
Have your charged statute classified →
The Criminal Charge and the Immigration Classification Are Not the Same
The classification depends on the elements of the statute. These examples show the usual pattern.
| If the Charge Is | Usual Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Theft with intent to permanently deprive, including grand theft |
Treated as a crime involving moral turpitude. A statute that reaches a temporary taking is tested element by element. |
|
Fraud, including welfare fraud |
Treated as a crime involving moral turpitude when intent to defraud is an element. |
|
Simple assault or battery |
Generally not a CIMT. Elements such as a deadly weapon or serious injury are tested. |
|
Domestic violence |
An offense requiring intentional injury to a spouse or partner is treated as a CIMT. Domestic violence also has its own ground of deportability. |
|
Simple DUI |
Generally not a CIMT. Aggravating elements are tested. |
|
Drug possession |
Not a CIMT. It falls under the controlled substance grounds. |
|
Drug sale or distribution |
Generally treated as a crime involving moral turpitude, and it can also be an aggravated felony. |
|
Firearm possession |
Not a CIMT. It falls under the separate firearms ground. |
Have your charge matched to the list →
Why the Exact Statute and Plea Record Matter
The immigration classification is decided from the statute and the record of conviction. It is not decided from the facts as the client tells them.
- The statute named in the plea. Its elements are compared to the federal CIMT definition.
- Divisible statutes. When a statute lists alternative offenses, the charging document, plea agreement, plea colloquy, and judgment show which one applied.
- The plea itself. What the plea names and what the factual basis states are set with the classification in mind.
- The judgment. It records the sentence ordered, including any suspended term, and the restitution amount.
Have the statute and the plea record reviewed →
Before You Plead: Sentence and Plea Strategy
The sentence terms in a plea offer can decide whether the offense falls inside an exception. These terms are set before the plea, while they can still be negotiated. Attorney Loblack works with the defense attorney on these points.
- Possible sentence. A statute with a maximum penalty of one year or less avoids the single-offense deportability ground, which requires a possible sentence of one year or longer.
- Sentence imposed. A sentence of six months or less keeps the petty offense exception available.
- Number of offenses. A second CIMT removes the petty offense exception and can trigger the multiple-conviction ground.
- Statute of conviction. A plea to a different or narrower statute can change the classification.
- Suspended sentences. The sentence counts as ordered by the court, including a suspended sentence.
Post-conviction relief is covered on the Padilla plea and post-conviction relief page. Removal proceedings begin with a Notice to Appear. The full list of criminal grounds is on the Criminal Conviction Immigration Consequences page.
Have your plea terms reviewed before they are accepted →
When a CIMT Makes You Deportable
Deportability applies to a person who has been admitted, including a green card holder. A conviction is required. An admission of the conduct alone does not make a person deportable.
| Scenario | The Rule |
|---|---|
|
One CIMT, committed within five years of admission |
Deportable when a sentence of one year or longer may be imposed for the crime. INA § 237(a)(2)(A)(i). |
|
One CIMT, committed after five years from admission |
Not deportable under the single-offense ground. |
|
One CIMT with a possible sentence under one year |
Not deportable under the single-offense ground. |
|
Two or more CIMTs |
Deportable when the convictions do not arise from a single scheme of criminal misconduct, whether or not in one trial and whether or not confined. INA § 237(a)(2)(A)(ii). |
- Possible sentence. The first ground turns on the sentence that may be imposed under the statute, not the sentence actually imposed.
- Single scheme. The single-scheme exception for multiple convictions is read narrowly.
Find out whether your record makes you deportable →
When a CIMT Makes You Inadmissible, and the Two Exceptions
Inadmissibility applies to a person applying for a visa, admission, or a green card. It reaches a conviction or a qualifying admission of the essential elements of the offense. INA § 212(a)(2)(A).
| Exception | What It Requires |
|---|---|
|
Petty offense |
Only one crime. The maximum penalty for the crime did not exceed imprisonment for one year, and the sentence imposed did not exceed six months. |
|
Youthful offender |
The crime was committed under age 18, and the time limits in the statute have passed. Juvenile delinquency findings are not convictions. |
- Automatic. An exception applies on its own terms. No waiver application is needed.
- Admissions. A qualifying admission requires a clear explanation of the elements and a free and voluntary statement. General admissions to broad or divisible statutes do not qualify.
- Waiver. Where no exception applies, a CIMT can be waived under INA § 212(h). See the 212(h) waiver page.
Find out whether an exception covers your record →
How a CIMT Would Affect Later Immigration Filings
| Filing | Effect of a CIMT |
|---|---|
|
Green card (adjustment of status) |
Inadmissibility applies unless an exception or the 212(h) waiver covers the offense. |
|
Naturalization |
A CIMT conviction or qualifying admission within the statutory period bars good moral character. The petty offense and youthful offender exceptions apply. |
|
212(h) waiver |
Can waive one or more CIMT convictions and admissions for a person who qualifies. See the 212(h) waiver page. |
Attorney Loblack sequences these filings, and no filing undercuts the next.
Have your filings sequenced around the record →
Where CIMT Cases Most Often Go Wrong
- Judging by the Charge Name. A misdemeanor label does not decide the federal classification.
- Ignoring the Possible Sentence. The deportability ground turns on the sentence that may be imposed, not the one actually imposed.
- Missing the Petty Offense Limits. The exception covers only one crime, with a maximum penalty of one year or less and a sentence of six months or less.
- Pleading to a Second Offense. A second CIMT ends the petty offense exception and can trigger the multiple-conviction ground.
- Expecting Expungement to Help. A rehabilitative expungement does not remove a conviction. A vacatur for a legal defect does.
- Making an Admission Without Advice. A qualifying admission can make a person inadmissible without any conviction.
- Applying for Naturalization With an Unreviewed Record. A CIMT can bar good moral character.
- Treating All Theft Charges Alike. The statute's elements decide the classification.
Myths vs. Legal Realities
| The Myth | The Legal Reality |
|---|---|
|
Myth 1: A misdemeanor cannot be a CIMT. |
Reality: A misdemeanor can be a crime involving moral turpitude. The elements of the statute decide it. |
|
Myth 2: One CIMT always makes me deportable. |
Reality: A single CIMT makes a person deportable only when it was committed within five years of admission and a sentence of one year or longer may be imposed. |
|
Myth 3: The sentence I actually receive decides deportability. |
Reality: The single-offense ground turns on the sentence that may be imposed. The petty offense exception looks to the sentence imposed and the maximum penalty. |
|
Myth 4: An admission without a conviction cannot hurt me. |
Reality: A qualifying admission can make a person inadmissible. Deportability requires a conviction. |
|
Myth 5: Expunging my record removes the CIMT. |
Reality: A rehabilitative expungement does not remove a conviction. A vacatur for a procedural or substantive defect does. |
|
Myth 6: Two minor offenses are treated as one. |
Reality: Two or more CIMTs not arising from a single scheme make a person deportable, and the single-scheme exception is read narrowly. |
|
Myth 7: A CIMT conviction is a permanent bar. |
Reality: Exceptions can apply, and INA § 212(h) can waive a CIMT for a person who qualifies. |
|
Myth 8: Firearms and marijuana convictions are CIMTs. |
Reality: Neither is a CIMT. Each falls under its own ground of deportability or inadmissibility. |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a crime involving moral turpitude?
It is a technical immigration category of offenses involving conduct that is reprehensible and committed with a culpable mental state. The statute does not list the offenses, and the elements of the statute of conviction decide the classification.
Is a misdemeanor a crime involving moral turpitude?
It can be. The federal classification depends on the elements of the statute of conviction, not on whether Florida calls it a misdemeanor.
When does a CIMT make a green card holder deportable?
A single CIMT makes a person deportable when it was committed within five years after admission and a sentence of one year or longer may be imposed. Two or more CIMTs not arising from a single scheme also make a person deportable.
Does the sentence I receive matter?
Yes, for different rules. The single-offense deportability ground looks to the sentence that may be imposed. The petty offense exception looks to the maximum penalty and to the sentence imposed.
What is the petty offense exception?
It applies to inadmissibility when a person committed only one crime, the maximum penalty did not exceed one year, and the sentence imposed did not exceed six months. It applies on its own terms, without a waiver application.
What is the youthful offender exception?
It applies when the crime was committed under age 18 and the statute's time limits have passed. Juvenile delinquency findings are not convictions.
Does an admission without a conviction make me inadmissible?
It can. A qualifying admission of the essential elements of a CIMT can make a person inadmissible. Deportability requires a conviction.
Is theft a crime involving moral turpitude?
Grand theft is treated as one. The classification of a specific theft statute depends on its elements, and Attorney Loblack reviews the statute of conviction.
Is a firearms conviction a CIMT?
No. A firearm offense falls under the separate firearms deportability ground.
Is a marijuana conviction a CIMT?
No. Marijuana offenses fall under the controlled substance grounds.
Does expungement remove a CIMT conviction?
No. A rehabilitative expungement does not remove a conviction for immigration purposes. A vacatur based on a procedural or substantive defect does.
Can a CIMT be waived?
Yes. INA section 212(h) can waive one or more CIMT convictions and admissions for a person who qualifies, with no statutory limit on the number waived in one application.
How does a CIMT affect a green card application?
A CIMT makes a person inadmissible unless an exception or the 212(h) waiver covers it. Attorney Loblack analyzes the record before any filing.
How does a CIMT affect naturalization?
A CIMT conviction or qualifying admission within the statutory period bars good moral character. The petty offense and youthful offender exceptions apply.
Does a suspended sentence count?
Yes. The sentence counts as ordered by the court, including a suspended sentence.
Can the plea terms change the outcome?
Yes. The possible sentence, the sentence imposed, the number of offenses, and the statute of conviction can each decide whether an exception applies. Attorney Loblack works with defense counsel on these terms before the plea.
Can a plea offer be a crime involving moral turpitude before I accept it?
Yes. The classification attaches to the statute named in the plea. Reviewing the offer before it is accepted is the stage at which the statute and the sentence terms can still change.
How can a plea be structured to avoid a CIMT?
The options depend on the charge. They include a statute with a maximum penalty of one year or less, a sentence of six months or less for the petty offense exception, a narrower or different statute, and avoiding a second CIMT. Attorney Loblack works with defense counsel on these terms.
Does an arrest or a pending charge make me deportable?
No. Deportability under the CIMT grounds requires a conviction. A charge can still affect a pending application, and a qualifying admission can make a person inadmissible.
What should I do if I am charged with a possible CIMT?
Have the charge analyzed before any plea is entered. Attorney Loblack works with your defense attorney on the sentence terms and the statute of conviction.
Why Clients and Defense Attorneys Choose Attorney Peter Loblack for CIMT Matters
A CIMT is decided at the plea, and the terms of the sentence are the main lever.
- 30+ Years of Immigration Experience. Attorney Loblack has handled criminal grounds of inadmissibility and deportability through plea-stage advice, waivers, and immigration court.
- Statute-Level Analysis. Every case starts with the elements of the statute of conviction.
- Co-Counsel With Defense Attorneys. He works alongside the criminal defense attorney on the sentence terms and the statute of conviction.
- Filings Sequenced. The plea, the waiver, the green card, and naturalization are planned as one case.
- Direct Access to Attorney Loblack. You work with Attorney Peter Loblack, never a call center, a paralegal, or a nonlawyer.
Related Legal Services
- Criminal Conviction Immigration Consequences
- Aggravated Felonies
- Controlled Substance Convictions
- Domestic Violence Convictions
- Firearms Convictions
- What Counts as a Conviction
- Padilla Plea & Post-Conviction Relief
- INA 212(h) Criminal Waiver
- Notice to Appear (NTA) in Immigration Court
- U.S. Immigration Waivers
Classify the Charge and Set the Sentence Terms Before the Plea.
Whether you have been charged, a plea offer is on the table, or a green card or citizenship application is waiting on your record, the next step is a legal assessment from Attorney Peter Loblack, working with your defense attorney where you have one.
Schedule a Confidential CIMT Review Today →
Peter Loblack Esq., BS, MBA, JD, MPH (Harvard)
Peter Loblack Law Firm, PA
Orlando Office: 3657 Maguire Blvd., Suite 175, Orlando, FL 32803 | (407) 295-0099
Plantation Office: 6991 W Broward Blvd., Suite 112, Plantation, FL 33317 | (954) 327-8800
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Serving clients nationwide (including Florida, Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Washington), the U.S. Virgin Islands, and globally. You work directly with an experienced attorney, never a call center or a nonlawyer. Virtual and in‑person consultations available.
Legal Disclaimer: This page provides general information regarding crimes involving moral turpitude under the Immigration and Nationality Act and is not legal advice. Every case is fact-specific. Consult an experienced immigration attorney before entering a plea or filing any application. Browse the other services Attorney Peter Loblack offers.
